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    • Introduction
      • 🔷1. Ethereum Basics
        • 1.1 Ethereum: Concept, Infrastructure & Purpose
        • 1.2 Properties of the Ethereum Infrastructure
        • 1.3 Ethereum vs. Bitcoin
        • 1.4 Ethereum Core Components
        • 1.5 Gas Metering: Solving the Halting Problem
        • 1.6 web2 vs. web3: The Paradigm Shift
        • 1.7 Decentralization
        • 1.8 Cryptography, Digital Signature & Keys
        • 1.9 Ethereum State & Account Types
        • 1.10 Transactions: Properties & Components
        • 1.11 Contract Creation
        • 1.12 Transactions, Messages & Blockchain
        • 1.13 EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) in Depth
        • 1.14 Transaction Reverts & Data
        • 1.15 Block Explorer
        • 1.16 Mainnet & Testnets
        • 1.17 ERCs & EIPs
        • 1.18 Legal Aspects in web3: Pseudonymity & DAOs
        • 1.19 Security in web3
        • 1.20 web2 Timescales vs. web3 Timescales
        • 1.21 Test-in-Prod. SSLDC vs. Audits
        • Summary: 101 Keypoints
      • 🌀2. Solidity
        • 2.1 Solidity: Influence, Features & Layout
        • 2.2 SPDX & Pragmas
        • 2.3 Imports
        • 2.4 Comments & NatSpec
        • 2.5 Smart Contracts
        • 2.6 State Variables: Definition, Visibility & Mutability
        • 2.7 Data Location
        • 2.8 Functions
        • 2.9 Events
        • 2.10 Solidity Typing
        • 2.11 Solidity Variables
        • 2.12 Address Type
        • 2.13 Conversions
        • 2.14 Keywords & Shorthand Operators
        • 2.15 Solidity Units
        • 2.16 Block & Transaction Properties
        • 2.17 ABI Encoding & Decoding
        • 2.18 Error Handling
        • 2.19 Mathematical & Cryptographic Functions
        • 2.20 Control Structures
        • 2.21 Style & Conventions
        • 2.22 Inheritance
        • 2.23 EVM Storage
        • 2.24 EVM Memory
        • 2.25 Inline Assembly
        • 2.26 Solidity Version Changes
        • 2.27 Security Checks
        • 2.28 OpenZeppelin Libraries
        • 2.29 DAppSys Libraries
        • 2.30 Important Protocols
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
      • 🔏3. Security Pitfalls & Best Practices
        • 3.1 Solidity Versions
        • 3.2 Access Control
        • 3.3 Modifiers
        • 3.4 Constructor
        • 3.5 Delegatecall
        • 3.6 Reentrancy
        • 3.7 Private Data
        • 3.8 PRNG & Time
        • 3.9 Math & Logic
        • 3.10 Transaction Order Dependence
        • 3.11 ecrecover
        • 3.12 Unexpected Returns
        • 3.13 Ether Accounting
        • 3.14 Transaction Checks
        • 3.15 Delete Mappings
        • 3.16 State Modification
        • 3.17 Shadowing & Pre-declaration
        • 3.18 Gas & Costs
        • 3.19 Events
        • 3.20 Unary Expressions
        • 3.21 Addresses
        • 3.22 Assertions
        • 3.23 Keywords
        • 3.24 Visibility
        • 3.25 Inheritance
        • 3.26 Reference Parameters
        • 3.27 Arbitrary Jumps
        • 3.28 Hash Collisions & Byte Level Issues
        • 3.29 Unicode RTLO
        • 3.30 Variables
        • 3.31 Pointers
        • 3.32 Out-of-range Enum
        • 3.33 Dead Code & Redundant Statements
        • 3.34 Compiler Bugs
        • 3.35 Proxy Pitfalls
        • 3.36 Token Pitfalls
        • 3.37 Special Token Pitfalls
        • 3.38 Guarded Launch Pitfalls
        • 3.39 System Pitfalls
        • 3.40 Access Control Pitfalls
        • 3.41 Testing, Unused & Redundand Code
        • 3.42 Handling Ether
        • 3.43 Application Logic Pitfalls
        • 3.44 Saltzer & Schroeder's Design Principles
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
      • 🗜️4. Audit Techniques & Tools
        • 4.1 Audit
        • 4.2 Analysis Techniques
        • 4.3 Specification, Documentation & Testing
        • 4.4 False Positives & Negatives
        • 4.5 Security Tools
        • 4.6 Audit Process
        • Summary: 101 Keypoints
      • ☝️5. Audit Findings
        • 5.1 Criticals
        • 5.2 Highs
        • 5.3 Mediums
        • 5.4 Lows
        • 5.5 Informationals
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
  • 🌱CARE
    • CARE
      • CARE Reports
  • 🚩CTFs
    • A-MAZE-X CTFs
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X Stanford
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X Maison de la Chimie Paris
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  2. Introduction

4. Audit Techniques & Tools

PreviousSummary: 201 KeypointsNext4.1 Audit

Last updated 1 year ago

In this chapter we will cover the various technical and non-technical aspects of smart contact auditing, starting with the high level view of what are audits (the entire context around it). Then we'll review the widely used tools in this space developed by teams from Trail of Bits, Consensus Diligence and others. We will cover high level aspects of these tools without getting too much into their operational or technical details which is out of scope.If you want to learn more about these tools, it is highly encouraged to install them and experiment with them.

Finally we will review the audit process and the various aspects that one will need to understand to become a smart contact security auditor.

It is based on the following content:

  • Secureum's Audit Techniques & Tools 101 YouTube videos:

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Secureum's Audit Techniques & Tools 101 keypoints
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