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    • Introduction
      • 🔷1. Ethereum Basics
        • 1.1 Ethereum: Concept, Infrastructure & Purpose
        • 1.2 Properties of the Ethereum Infrastructure
        • 1.3 Ethereum vs. Bitcoin
        • 1.4 Ethereum Core Components
        • 1.5 Gas Metering: Solving the Halting Problem
        • 1.6 web2 vs. web3: The Paradigm Shift
        • 1.7 Decentralization
        • 1.8 Cryptography, Digital Signature & Keys
        • 1.9 Ethereum State & Account Types
        • 1.10 Transactions: Properties & Components
        • 1.11 Contract Creation
        • 1.12 Transactions, Messages & Blockchain
        • 1.13 EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) in Depth
        • 1.14 Transaction Reverts & Data
        • 1.15 Block Explorer
        • 1.16 Mainnet & Testnets
        • 1.17 ERCs & EIPs
        • 1.18 Legal Aspects in web3: Pseudonymity & DAOs
        • 1.19 Security in web3
        • 1.20 web2 Timescales vs. web3 Timescales
        • 1.21 Test-in-Prod. SSLDC vs. Audits
        • Summary: 101 Keypoints
      • 🌀2. Solidity
        • 2.1 Solidity: Influence, Features & Layout
        • 2.2 SPDX & Pragmas
        • 2.3 Imports
        • 2.4 Comments & NatSpec
        • 2.5 Smart Contracts
        • 2.6 State Variables: Definition, Visibility & Mutability
        • 2.7 Data Location
        • 2.8 Functions
        • 2.9 Events
        • 2.10 Solidity Typing
        • 2.11 Solidity Variables
        • 2.12 Address Type
        • 2.13 Conversions
        • 2.14 Keywords & Shorthand Operators
        • 2.15 Solidity Units
        • 2.16 Block & Transaction Properties
        • 2.17 ABI Encoding & Decoding
        • 2.18 Error Handling
        • 2.19 Mathematical & Cryptographic Functions
        • 2.20 Control Structures
        • 2.21 Style & Conventions
        • 2.22 Inheritance
        • 2.23 EVM Storage
        • 2.24 EVM Memory
        • 2.25 Inline Assembly
        • 2.26 Solidity Version Changes
        • 2.27 Security Checks
        • 2.28 OpenZeppelin Libraries
        • 2.29 DAppSys Libraries
        • 2.30 Important Protocols
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
      • 🔏3. Security Pitfalls & Best Practices
        • 3.1 Solidity Versions
        • 3.2 Access Control
        • 3.3 Modifiers
        • 3.4 Constructor
        • 3.5 Delegatecall
        • 3.6 Reentrancy
        • 3.7 Private Data
        • 3.8 PRNG & Time
        • 3.9 Math & Logic
        • 3.10 Transaction Order Dependence
        • 3.11 ecrecover
        • 3.12 Unexpected Returns
        • 3.13 Ether Accounting
        • 3.14 Transaction Checks
        • 3.15 Delete Mappings
        • 3.16 State Modification
        • 3.17 Shadowing & Pre-declaration
        • 3.18 Gas & Costs
        • 3.19 Events
        • 3.20 Unary Expressions
        • 3.21 Addresses
        • 3.22 Assertions
        • 3.23 Keywords
        • 3.24 Visibility
        • 3.25 Inheritance
        • 3.26 Reference Parameters
        • 3.27 Arbitrary Jumps
        • 3.28 Hash Collisions & Byte Level Issues
        • 3.29 Unicode RTLO
        • 3.30 Variables
        • 3.31 Pointers
        • 3.32 Out-of-range Enum
        • 3.33 Dead Code & Redundant Statements
        • 3.34 Compiler Bugs
        • 3.35 Proxy Pitfalls
        • 3.36 Token Pitfalls
        • 3.37 Special Token Pitfalls
        • 3.38 Guarded Launch Pitfalls
        • 3.39 System Pitfalls
        • 3.40 Access Control Pitfalls
        • 3.41 Testing, Unused & Redundand Code
        • 3.42 Handling Ether
        • 3.43 Application Logic Pitfalls
        • 3.44 Saltzer & Schroeder's Design Principles
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
      • 🗜️4. Audit Techniques & Tools
        • 4.1 Audit
        • 4.2 Analysis Techniques
        • 4.3 Specification, Documentation & Testing
        • 4.4 False Positives & Negatives
        • 4.5 Security Tools
        • 4.6 Audit Process
        • Summary: 101 Keypoints
      • ☝️5. Audit Findings
        • 5.1 Criticals
        • 5.2 Highs
        • 5.3 Mediums
        • 5.4 Lows
        • 5.5 Informationals
        • Summary: 201 Keypoints
  • 🌱CARE
    • CARE
      • CARE Reports
  • 🚩CTFs
    • A-MAZE-X CTFs
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X Stanford
      • Secureum A-MAZE-X Maison de la Chimie Paris
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  2. Introduction

2. Solidity

PreviousSummary: 101 KeypointsNext2.1 Solidity: Influence, Features & Layout

Last updated 1 year ago

As mentioned in the previous chapter, Solidity is currently the most popular programming language used to develop smart contracts. In fact, it is so commonly used and there are so few alternatives to high-level languages on Ethereum, that it has become a fundamental pillar to smart contracts on Ethereum and therefore their security.

This section is a high level overview of the Solidity EVM smart contract programming language. It is based on the following content:

  • Secureum's Solidity 101 YouTube videos:

  • Secureum's Solidity 201 YouTube videos:

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Secureum's Solidity 101 keypoints
Secureum's Solidity 201 keypoints
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Solidity language docs